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SAP - Quick Guide

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SAP - Evolution of SAP

SAP is the earth leader in enterprise applications in terms of software and software-related service revenue. Based on market capitalization, it is the world'due south tertiary largest independent software manufacturer supporting all sizes of industries helping them to operate profitability, grow sustainably and stay ahead of the contest in the market.

SAP at a Glance

SAP is known worldwide for its unique innovations that assistance the customers run their business with high efficiency. Some of its facts and figures stand as follows −

• More than than 263,000 customers in 188 countries.

• More than than 68,800 employees in more than than 130 countries.

• Almanac revenue (IFRS) of €1682 billion.

• Listed nether the symbol "SAP" on stock exchanges, including the Frankfurt Exchange and NYSE.

ISO Certificates

• SAP Evolution: ISO 9001:2008 certificate
• SAP Active Global Support: ISO 9001:2008 certificate
• SAP Active Global Support: ISO 27001:2005 certificate

Industries & Solution

Industries

Line of Concern

Aerospace & Defence force Automotive Banking Chemicals Consumer Products Defense & Security Engineering, Construction & Operations Healthcare Higher Education & Research High Tech Industrial Mechanism, Components Insurance Life Sciences Media Manufactory Products Mining Oil & Gas Professional Services Public Sector Retail Sports & Entertainment Telecommunications Travel & Transportation Utilities Wholesale Distribution

Nugget Management Sustainability Finance Human Resources Data Applied science Manufacturing Marketing R&D, Engineering Sales Service Sourcing and Procurement Supply Chain Featured Solutions Big Data Customer Engagement Internet of Things Rapid Deployment Solutions Security Small & Medium Enterprises User Experience

Products

Business Applications	Database & Engineering science
Business Suite CRM Enterprise Asset Management Enterprise Resources Planning Financial Management Human Capital Management Procurement Product Lifecycle Management Supply Chain Management Sustainability	Application Foundation Concern Procedure Management and Integration Cloud Computing Content and Collaboration Database Data Management Data Warehousing Enterprise Information Management In-Memory Calculating (SAP HANA) Mobile Security
Analytics	Mobile
Practical Analytics Business Intelligence Information Warehousing Enterprise Performance Management Governance, Risk, Compliance Predictive Analytics	Mobile Apps Managed Mobility Mobile Platform Mobile Secure Mobile Services
Deject
Applications Concern Networks Infrastructure Platform Social Collaboration

SAP Partners

SAP partners play an important part in helping organizations to buy, build, implement, service, and support the SAP solution that best fits their unique needs. They help organizations to achieve business goals quickly with amend results. Broadly, SAP partners assistance in −

• Solving small and midsize business needs
• Extending SAP solution with custom apps
• Managing country and language rollouts
• Buying SAP solutions

SAP Back up & Services

SAP offers a wide range of services to its customers with the help of its 15000+ trained and certified consultants with their unparalleled noesis across 25 singled-out industries.

SAP provides the following supports and services through its portal −

• Download SAP software
• SAP Notes (Support Patches & Upgrades)
• Knowledge-based articles
• Request a Developer
• Edit organization
• Managing remote connections
• Reporting and tracking a support incident, etc.

You tin access the SAP back up portal at −

https://back up.sap.com/abode.html

Log in using your "Due south-User ID" and "countersign" and access the support offered past SAP.

SAP - Introduction To ERP

SAP is a market leader in providing ERP (Enterprise Resource and Planning) solutions and services. In this affiliate, we volition try to sympathize more on ERP and where information technology should be used. In add-on, we will acquire the implementation techniques of ERP along with the ERP packages available in the market.

What is ERP?

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a software that is built to organizations belonging to different industrial sectors, regardless of their size and strength.

The ERP package is designed to support and integrate almost every functional area of a business process such as procurement of appurtenances and services, sale and distribution, finance, accountings, human resource, manufacturing, product planning, logistics & warehouse management.

Business Procedure Integration

Every business organisation, regardless of the industry they belong to, require connected systems with efficient information menses from ane business process to some other. Business Process Integration (BPI) plays an important role in overcoming integrating challenges that allows organizations to connect systems internally and externally.

Concern Procedure Integration (BPI) allows −

• automation of business processes,
• integration of systems and services,
• secure sharing of information across numerous applications, and
• automation of direction, operational, and supporting procedure.

The following illustration shows an overview of diverse business organization processes running in an enterprise and how they are integrated.

Development of ERP

During early on phases of development, integrated solutions were designed for detail process areas such as −

• Material Management − the integrated arrangement was known every bit Fabric Requirement Planning (MRP)
• Manufacturing − the integrated system was known as Manufacturing Resource Planning

Nevertheless none of the integrated systems came with a complete solution for an organization covering major business organization process areas. In early on 1990's, the Gartner Group first used the acronym ERP. By mid–1990's, ERP systems addressed all the core enterprise functions.

In the early stages, most of the ERP solutions were focused on automating back office functions that were not directly affecting customers or full general public. Later on, front office functions such as customer relationship management and east–business systems were integrated.

Functions of ERP

An ERP system typically performs the post-obit functions −

• Supports the integrated business process inside the system.

• Improves capital planning and helps in executing organizational plans and strategies.

• Helps speed upwards the decision-making procedure over the analysis of accurate data.

• Helps extend the business network to wider domains, expanding the products and services to attain more customers, suppliers, and partners.

• Identifies operational risks to better governance.

• Provides protection against organizational data breaches and security threats to leakage of information.

• Makes the organization adaptable to the rapid changes in the business process according to the needs.

• Gives long-term profit past providing means to increase the customer base.

Functional Areas

ERP is a business organization direction software is usually a suite of integrated applications that a company can employ to collect, store, manage, and interpret information from many functional areas including −

• Financial Bookkeeping − Deals with financial transactions and data.

• Man Resource − Deals with information related to employee of an arrangement.

• Customer Relationship Management − Deals with capturing and managing client's relationship, facilitating the use of customer experience to evaluate the knowledge database.

• Sales and Distribution − Deals with guild placement, commitment, shipment and invoicing.

• Logistics and Warehouse Management − Deals with storage of products and shipment.

• Manufacturing and Material Management − Deals with the production and product planning activities.

• Supply Change Management − Deals with the movement of products, storing, managing, and controlling supplies.

• Business Intelligence − Analyzes data and converts the same to information.

Advantages of ERP

By integrating the business processes, the ERP offers the following advantages −

• Saves time and expenses.

• Allows faster decision-making by the management, utilizing the data and reporting tools designed in the systems.

• Unmarried information source and sharing of data among all the units of an organization.

• Helps in tracking every transaction that takes place in an organization, from starting till end.

• Supplies real-fourth dimension information whenever required.

• Provides synchronized information transfer in between different functional areas such as sales, marketing, finance, manufacturing, man resource, logistics, etc.

Disadvantages of ERP

It is not always easy to incorporate ERP in an arrangement. ERP suffers from the following drawbacks −

• Sometimes business processes critical to an organization are to be re-engineered to align them with an ERP solution.

• Price of complex integration can be very high.

• Switching from ane ERP solution to another increases the implementation toll even further.

• End-users are to be trained for their daily operations.

• Customization is not preferred.

ERP Packages

Many companies develop and implement various ERP packages according to their upkeep and requirements to aid them meet their business concern needs and run their business efficiently.

The following link takes y'all to a folio from Wikipedia where you can observe a list of almost all the ERP packages designed worldwide.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ERP_software_packages

SAP - Modules

SAP solutions include a number of functional modules, which back up transactions to execute key business processes, such as −

• Financial Accounting (FI)
• Financial Supply Chain Direction (FSCM)
• Controlling (CO)
• Materials Direction (MM)
• Sales and Distribution (SD)
• Logistics Execution (LE)
• Production Planning (PP)
• Quality Management (QM)
• Plant Maintenance (PM)
• Project Organization (PS)
• Human Resources (Hr)

Finance and Controlling (FICO)

SAP FICO is a combination of two ERP modules, i.e., Finance Accounting (FI) and Controlling (CO). Under Finance in SAP and at an enterprise level, the following modules accept part −

• FI − Finance
• CO − Controlling
• IM − Investment Management
• TR − Treasury
• EC − Enterprise Decision-making

SAP FI (Financial Accounting) is accountable for tracking the menstruation of fiscal data across the organization in a controlled manner and integrating all the information for effective strategic controlling.

Activities Involved in SAP FI

• Creation of Organizational Structure (Defining Company, Visitor Codes, business Areas, Functional Areas, Credit Control, Assignment of Company Codes to Credit Controls)

• Fiscal Bookkeeping Global Settings (Maintenance of Fiscal Year, Posting Periods, defining Certificate types, posting keys, Number ranges for documents)

• Full general Ledger Accounting (Cosmos of Nautical chart of Accounts, Account groups, defining data transfer rules, creation of Full general Ledger Account)

• Tax Configuration & Creation and Maintenance of Business firm of Banks

• Account Payables (Creation of Vendor Chief data and vendor-related finance attributes like account groups and payment terms)

• Account Receivables (Cosmos of Client Master data and customer-related finance attributes similar business relationship groups and payment terms

• Asset Accounting

• Integration with SD and MM

SAP CO (Controlling) module facilitates coordinating, monitoring, and optimizing all the processes in an arrangement. It controls the business flow in an arrangement. This module helps in analyzing the actual figures with the planned information and in planning business strategies.

Two kinds of elements are managed in CO −

• Cost elements
• Acquirement elements

These elements are stored in the FI module.

Activities Involved in SAP CO

• Price Chemical element Accounting (Overview of the costs and revenues that occur in an arrangement)

• Toll Center Accounting

• Activity-Based-Bookkeeping (Analyzes cantankerous-departmental business processes)

• Internal Orders

• Product Cost Decision-making (Calculates the costs that occur during the manufacture of a product or provision of a service)

• Profitability Analysis (Analyzes the profit or loss of an organisation past individual marketplace segments)

• Profit Center Accounting (Evaluates the profit or loss of individual, independent areas within an organization)

Sales & Distribution Management (SD)

SAP SD is one of the most of import modules in SAP. It has a high level of integration complexity. SAP SD is used by organizations to back up sales and distribution activities of products and services, starting from enquiry to social club and then ending with delivery.

SAP SD can monitor a plethora of activities that take identify in an organization such as products enquires, quotation (pre-sales activities), placing order, pricing, scheduling deliveries (sales activity), picking, packing, appurtenances issue, shipment of products to customers, commitment of products and billings.

In all these processes, multiple modules are involved such equally FI (Finance Accounting), CO (Controlling), MM (Cloth Management), PP (Product Planning), LE (Logistics Execution), etc., which shows the complication of the integration involved.

Activities Involved in SAP SD

• Setting up Organization Construction (creation of new company, company codes, sales system, distribution channels, divisions, business area, plants, sales area, maintaining sales offices, storage location)

• Assigning Organizational Units (Assignment of individual components created in the above activities with each other according to design like company code to company, sales arrangement to company code, distribution channel to sales system, etc.)

• Defining Pricing Components (Defining condition tables, condition types, status sequences)

• Setting upward sales document types, billing types, and tax-related components

• Setting up Customer master information records and configuration

Textile Management (MM)

Material Management deals with move of materials via other modules like logistics, supply chain direction, sales and delivery, warehouse direction, product and planning.

Logistic Execution (LE)

Logistic Execution can be divided into ii sub-modules, i.e., shipment of goods (purchase to procurement process) and warehouse management (storage of goods). These 2 modules are integrated with sale and distribution, material management, and product and planning.

Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)

Every bit the name SRM suggests, this module deals with the effective and efficient transition of products and services between an organization and its suppliers. The main process covered in this department is procurement of products similar direct materials, indirect materials, and services. This module can effectively integrate with planning, bookkeeping, and inventory system.

Terminate-to-Terminate Procurement Cycle

Procurement process with SAP Enterprise Buyer comprises of the post-obit major steps −

• Shopping Carts
• Approving of Shopping Cart
• Sourcing of Requirements
• Purchase Orders
• Buy Order Approval
• Confirm Goods/Services
• Confirmation Approval
• Process Invoice
• Invoice Approving

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

CRM deals with finish-to-end customer related processes. CRM is designed to centralize the data related to all the customers associated with an organization. Information technology helps an organization −

• Maintain its sales, services, and build marketing strategies according the market need and customer data analysis.

• Remain focused on its customers and via data analysis, assist the business organization to know more about its customers.

• Meliorate sales and services and building improve relationships with customers.

Human Resource (HR)

The almost important objective of principal data administration in Human Resources is to enter employee-related data for administrative, time-recording, and payroll purposes.

A new employee tin can be hired without using Recruitment. Instead you can rent someone by running a personnel action in Personnel Administration, thereby creating the necessary data for the employee to exist hired.

Employee information must be kept electric current. After an employee is hired, circumstances can always arise which necessitate either the entry of new data or the correction of current data. For case −

• An employee moves to his or her new address must be stored in the system.

• An employee gets a pay hike at the start of the yr. The new bacon must be stored for the relevant engagement.

• An employee changes jobs inside the organization. His or her organizational assignment, working time, and salary also change.

• Data can exist stored for the past, nowadays, or future.

Note − Entering payroll-relevant information in the past triggers retroactive bookkeeping.

The Hour module is comprised of major areas of functionality known as sub-modules. The Hour module is a truthful demonstration of the strength of the SAP product in Enterprise Resource Planning.

The Hour system has very potent integration points (where information is passed back and forth without human intervention) with merely nearly all of the other SAP modules. In add-on, there is very tight integration amongst the Hr sub-modules.

The above illustration highlights some of the basic SAP Hr terms as listed below.

• Business trip management
• Recruitment
• Payroll
• Personal development
• Organizational Direction
• Time Management
• Workforce Planning
• ESS
• MSS
• Preparation and outcome management
• CATS
• Benefits
• Compensation management
• Personal Assistants

SAP - Architecture & Installation SAP GUI

This affiliate throws light on the architecture of R/iii and explains how to install the SAP GUI on your arrangement.

SAP : Three-Tier Architecture

With SAP R/3, SAP ushers in a new generation of enterprise software — from mainframe calculating (client-server compages) to the three-tier compages of database, application, and user interface.

Iii-Tier Architecture of SAP R/iii

Presentation Servers

Presentation servers contain systems capable of providing a graphical interface.

• Presentation Layer is as well known as client Layer
• Presentation Layer is a user interaction
• In SAP-User interaction purpose nosotros use GUI
• GUI stands for Graphical user interface
• Case − Desktop, Mobile Devices, laptops

Application Servers

Awarding servers include specialized systems with multiple CPUs and a vast amount of RAM.

• Awarding Layer is also known as Kernel Layer and Bones Layer.

• SAP application programs are executed in Application Layer.

• Awarding Layer serves equally a purpose of a communicator between Presentation and Database Layer.

• Application server is where the dispatcher distributes the piece of work load to the different piece of work processes makes the task done.

Database Servers

Database servers incorporate specialized systems with fast and large hard-drives.

• Database layer stores the data
• Data store can be Business organisation data, SAP system data, SAP tables, Programs.
• Examples − Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, IBM DB/2, Siebel, Sybase, etc.

Iii-Tier Architecture

What is a Client?

A client is a logical portion of an SAP R/3 physical database. From a business standpoint, a client tin can be interpreted as a logical group of companies.

Points to Think −

• All customizing (configuration) and evolution (ABAP) work in SAP R/3 is performed in a customer.

• Still, the data from both customizing and development work may be stored within an individual customer (client dependent data) or among all clients (client independent data) in the system.

Client-Dependent vs. Client-Independent

The information in each customer may be split up from that of the other clients. In that location are basically two types of data in an SAP R/3 system − Client-dependent and Customer-independent information.

• Client-dependent data is defined as data specific to an private client. Examples of client-dependent data include number ranges, ABAP variants, and user masters besides as the data that is created or updated through SAP R/3 transactions.

• Client-contained data tin be divers as data contained across all clients in the system. Examples of client-contained data include data dictionary objects (tables, views), ABAP source lawmaking, screens, and menus.

• Data resides in tables. To determine if a particular table is client-dependent or client-independent, the tabular array construction needs to be reviewed. The table construction can be viewed by the data dictionary (SE11). If MANDT (customer in German) is the first key field of the table, and then the tabular array is client-dependent; otherwise, the table is client-independent.

• For example, the TSTC table is customer-independent; still, the USR01 table is customer-dependent.

SAP R/iii Delivered Clients

Every SAP R/three system contains the iii clients 000, 001, and 066. Let'south review these clients and examine what they contain.

These clients provide different features and must not be deleted.

• Customer 000 performs special functions. In particular, it is given extended functionality during upgrades.

• Client 001 is basically a copy of 000 and can be used as a basis for a new customizing client.

• Client 066 is a special client which is provided for operational system monitoring. It is used by SAP R/3's Early Spotter Service to provide performance recommendations.

In releases prior to 3.0, client 000 contained a model company. As of Release 4.0 clients, 000 and 001 are identical. Client 000 no longer contains a model company. Either client can be used as the basis for configuration through a customer copy. Typically, most projects kickoff with a copy of client 000 to begin building configuration. Customer piece of work should never accept place in the three delivered clients.

Minimum System Requirements

To install the latest SAP GUI 730 version, MSU machines must run across the following minimum system requirements −

• Windows-based PC running Windows 7, Vista, or Windows XP with Service Pack 3

• Apple tree Mac with Virtual Machine software (VMWare, Fusion, Parallels) running Windows 7, Vista, or XP (Service Pack iii)

Organization Retentiveness (RAM)

• Windows XP − Minimum of ane GB; 2 GB recommended

• Windows 7 − Minimum of 2 GB; four GB recommended

• Mac with Virtual Windows Surroundings − Minimum of ii GB; iv GB recommended

Disk Space

• 145 MB of bachelor disk infinite for the SAP GUI installer program

• 250 MB of bachelor deejay space for the fully-installed application

Required Software Downloads

• Download Java Platform, Enterprise Edition seven SDK License Understanding

• SAP GUI 7.30

• SAP IDES four.7 Installation files

• MS Loopback Network Adaptor

Preliminary Installation Activities

Increment Virtual Retention

My figurer (Correct click) → Properties → Advanced System settings → Performance → Setting → Advanced → Virtual Memory → Change

The following screenshot shows the steps.

SAP - Net Weaver

NetWeaver is a combination of the underlying SAP Kernel (too known as the SAP Os layer, basically the WEB AS) and any SAP software tool for business enablement.

NetWeaver at a Glance

SAP NetWeaver describes all the software and services used for 'Business Enablement'. The SAP Business organization suite, such as ECC or SRM, contains the software components for that specific concern solution.

• SAP NetWeaver is an open technology platform that offers a comprehensive set up of technologies for running mission-disquisitional business concern applications and integrating people, processes, and information.

• SAP NetWeaver is a spider web-based, open up integration, application platform that serves equally the foundation for enterprise service-oriented architecture (enterprise SOA) and allows the integration and alignment of people, data, and concern processes across business organisation and technology boundaries.

• It utilizes open standards to enable integration with information and applications from almost any source or applied science.

• SAP NetWeaver is the foundation of SAP Business concern Suite and SAP Business organisation by Design. Information technology also powers partner solutions and customer custom-built applications.

SAP NetWeaver Components

SAP NetWeaver includes a comprehensive set of components, applications, and tools.

SAP NetWeaver Application Server

It supports platform-contained web services, business applications, and standards-based development, enabling you to leverage existing technology assets for Web-services-oriented solutions.

SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse

It enables you to integrate information from beyond the enterprise and transform it into applied, timely business information to drive sound decision making.

SAP NetWeaver Gateway

Information technology enables developers to create applications that link business users to SAP software from whatsoever environment and through any device.

SAP NetWeaver Master Data Management

Information technology ensures cross-organisation information consistency and helps integrate business processes across the extended value concatenation.

SAP NetWeaver Procedure Orchestration

It helps ameliorate processes, from simple workflows to integrated processes that span applications and organizational boundaries. Information technology includes capabilities for concern process management, business rules management, and process integration.

SAP NetWeaver Portal

It unifies critical data and applications to give users role-based views that span the enterprise, enabling you to take total advantage of your information resources.

SAP Car-ID Infrastructure

It gives you all the capabilities yous need to integrate all automated sensing devices including RFID readers and printers, Bluetooth devices, embedded systems, and barcode devices.

SAP NetWeaver Identity Management

It addresses access and provisioning issues facing a typical enterprise. It creates a new opportunity for integrating business organization processes, and helps you to integrate systems in a heterogeneous IT environs.

SAP NetWeaver Information Lifecycle Direction

Information technology allows you to archive data in a readily accessible format according to regulatory retentiveness rules that y'all ascertain.

SAP NetWeaver Tools

SAP NetWeaver includes the post-obit tools −

Adaptive Computing Controller

Information technology provides a fundamental point of control for assigning calculating resources and optimizing their utilise.

SAP NetWeaver Composition Surroundings

It provides a robust environs for design, deployment, and running of composite applications that comply with a service-oriented architecture.

SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio

It offers a convenient user interface and rich functionality for developing J2EE applications.

SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer

It simplifies the cosmos of portal content and analytics applications, enabling business analysts to build or customize applications using a visual user interface rather than transmission coding.

SAP Solution Manager

Information technology facilitates technical support for distributed systems with functionality that covers all key aspects of solution deployment, functioning, and continuous improvement.

SAP NetWeaver Applications

SAP NetWeaver includes the following applications −

SAP NetWeaver Enterprise Search

It provides a uncomplicated and secure gateway to enterprise objects and transactions.

SAP NetWeaver Single Sign-On

It offers a comprehensive single sign-on solution, enabling reuse of a person'southward initial authentication for subsequent log-ins to all applications.

SAP - Logging On To An SAP System

In this affiliate, we will go through following topics −

• SAP logon
• Adding a new application server
• Logging In and Out of SAP
• Creating a new password or changing an former password

SAP Logon

SAP logon is used to create icons to logon to SAP R/iii. Still, the icons created with SAP logon are not placed in the SAP R/3 Windows group; they are instead shown via the SAP logon card. The SAP logon pad is bachelor once the SAP GUI is installed at the workstation.

SAP Logon Icon

SAP logon Pad

• The SAP logon carte can be idea of as a one-stop shopping shop, where cease-users can choose from logon icons, logon groups, or create new logon icons.

• Logon icons will log a user onto ane specific application server. A logon group will log the user onto i of several applications servers depending on which one has the best performance statistics.

Calculation a New SAP Application Server

To create a shortcut for connecting to a new SAP application server, follow the procedure beneath −

• Click on the shortcut icon SAP Logon from the desktop and the Logon pad volition open up equally shown in the following screenshot. Click the 'New' button.

• Click on the "Next" button as shown hither.

• Fill in the following details in the "System Entry Backdrop" screen.

• Clarification − Provide a meaningful short text for identifying the server. The server will be available in the SAP Logon pad with this name.

• Application server − Provide the IP/Address of the application server, provided by the basis administrator.

• System number and System ID − Requite the system number provided past the basis ambassador. Information technology should exist kept equally 00, if nothing is specified.

• SAP router cord − Provide the SAP Router String, if provided by the basis ambassador. Sometimes it may exist left blank.

• Click on Stop to complete the configuration. The newly created SAP application server volition at present be bachelor in the SAP logon pad.

Logging onto SAP R/3

SAP Logon pad is used to configure the SAP server. The SAP GUI is used to connect the estimator to the SAP system.

SAP GUI Types

A SAP GUI tin be of the following three categories −

• SAP GUI for Windows surround
• SAP GUI for Java surroundings
• SAP GUI for HTML

Follow the procedure given below to log onto the SAP server −

• Launch the SAP logon pad.

• Double-click on the Application Server (which you need to connect), from the SAP logon pad. The SAP logon screen appears.

• On the SAP logon screen,

  • The value of the default client appears automatically. If yous desire to logon to a dissimilar client, then change it with the new customer number.

  • Next, enter the User ID and countersign assigned to you lot.

  • Enter 'EN' in linguistic communication to logon to English language settings. Mostly the language is defaulted to 'EN' or whatever other language depending on the land/users and installed languages. And so, for English as the logon language, you lot need not accept to enter it in the SAP logon screen, every bit information technology takes its values from the default settings.

  • After filling upward the four fields, press the Enter button to logon to the SAP system.

NOTE − During the showtime logon to the organization with your ID, you lot volition be prompted to modify your initial password.

Creating a New Password

To alter your password, click the "New Password" button and set the countersign.

• Select a new password and then confirm it by typing it again. The asterisk will remain in the password field.

• Click on the icon one time you are satisfied with your password pick.

Beginning Logon to SAP

The post-obit screen appears one time y'all log in. The screen has many standard screen attributes and navigation options to different application. We will discuss all these in subsequent chapters.

Logging Off from SAP

• Click on System (from Carte du jour Bar) and choose "Logoff".

• You lot can also logoff past clicking the button at the upper-right corner of the screen.

When you log off, a message pops upward stating, "Unsaved information will be lost. Exercise you want to log off?" Click "Yeah" if y'all have already safely posted (or saved) the transactions you were working on.

SAP - Personalizing The SAP Window

In this chapter, we will check how to customize the SAP layout based on user preferences and local requirements. You can customize the post-obit settings based on our preference −

• Visual Settings like SAP Theme, Color, Fonts and size, etc.

• Interaction Pattern like Keyboard settings, Sound and Control setting, etc.

In addition, yous tin can customize various other attributes which will straight affect your interaction with SAP.

The Layout Customize option tin exist accessed either through the application toolbar or through the SAP logon pad.

Customizing through the Application Toolbar

Click the "Customize Local Layout" Push buttonon the application toolbar, a drop-down bill of fare will open. Click the menu "Options", information technology will take you to the Local layout optimization screen.

On the SAP GUI, you can make the following adjustments −

• Options
• New Visual Blueprint
• General Settings under Customizing Local Layout
• Other General Settings under Customizing Local Layout
• Internationalization Settings under Customizing Local Layout
• Switching the Visual Design

Customizing through the Logon Pad

You can customize the Local Layout by accessing the choice from the SAP Logon Pad. Click the Icon at the extreme height left-hand side corner. A drib-down card will announced. Select "Options" from the menu item and it will have you to the SAP GUI customization screen shown in the next screenshot.

[Note − Client-specific settings are non supported by this SAP system and alter takes consequence for new sessions.]

SAP - End User Customization

This affiliate explains how to modify the user parameters such as personal information to communication data, time zone, appointment and fourth dimension field format, attributes for printing, etc.

Maintain User Profile

Click "System" on the menu bar. Select "User Profile" → "Own Data" equally specified in the following screenshot.

The following screen appears with options to change the following properties −

• Date format
• Decimal Note
• Logon Language − Use this pick if we desire to open SAP in a dissimilar language other than English
• Time zone
• Spool control − This option volition setup the default printer on which your documents volition be printed until and unless the printer is inverse at runtime or programmatically.

These options are already defaulted by SAP which the users can customize every bit per their preference.

In improver, SAP besides provides options to change your Personal Information such as first name, terminal proper noun, email id, and mobile number of the specified user ID. These fields can exist maintained in the Address tab.

SAP - Navigating In The SAP Window

This chapter explains basic SAP navigations including the screens, menus, transaction codes, and buttons that y'all will utilize often. The get-go step to learn SAP is to become familiar with SAP navigation.

Standard Toolbar

Standard Toolbar is located second from the top and directly below the Menu bar. It contains Command field/Bar and other Standard Toolbar buttons.

Standard toolbar buttons provide quick admission to SAP functions equally specified beneath.

ICON	Descriptions	ICON	Descriptions
	Enter/Continue		Help
	Salvage		Customize local layout
	Dorsum		Discover
	Exit arrangement task		Avant-garde Search
	Abolish		First page
	Print		Previous folio
	Create new session		Next page
	Create Shortcut		Concluding page

Notation − Toolbar button is gray; information technology is non available for apply on that detail screen.

Control Field

Control field is used to enter the Transaction codes that direct to a system task or application without using Menu paths. Command field can be opened and airtight by using the icon on the right of the Command Bar i.eastward.

You can execute the following commands in this field with Enter −

• To call a transaction in the same session (window)

  Enter − /nxxxx (xxxx = transaction code)

• To call a transaction in the same session (window), whereby the initial screen is skipped

  Enter − /*xxxx (xxxx = transaction code)

• To call a transaction in an additional session

  Enter − /oxxxx (xxxx = transaction lawmaking)

• To end the current transaction

  Enter − /n

  Caution − Unsaved changes are lost without warning

• To delete the electric current session

  Enter − /i

• To generate a session list

  Enter − /o

• To finish the electric current transaction and return to the starting menu

  Enter − /ns000

• To log off from the system

  Enter − /nend

• To log off from the arrangement without a confirmation prompt

  Enter − /nex

  Circumspection − Changes that were non saved are lost without alert.

Title Bar

In between the Standard Toolbar and the Awarding Toolbar lies the Title Bar. It is used to display the proper name of the screen or application you are accessing. Title Bar is dynamic and changes from application to application.

Application Toolbar

The Awarding Toolbar is located directly below the screen title. It contains buttons that duplicate functions available from the menu bar, but provides quicker admission to some of the near ordinarily used functions for the current screen and system task.

The buttons available in the Application Toolbar changes from application to application as per the design. So they are non constant.

As highlighted in the post-obit screenshot, the buttons Help and Layout Carte du jour are always bachelor on every screen in the Application Toolbar.

Condition Bar

The Condition Bar is located at the bottom of the SAP screen. Information technology displays important organisation messages such every bit errors and completion of transactions. Information technology also displays other session data such equally:

• System − Server in which you lot have logged in (in Screenshot: AU1)
• Customer − The client database you are accessing (in Screenshot: 130)
• User − User ID with which you have logged in (in Screenshot: SWIN1-83)

Of the five types of messages, just three are displayed in the Status Bar.

Success Message

Error Message

Warning Bulletin

Carte du jour Bar

In one case yous accept logged onto the awarding, the initial carte screen appears. All the menus are displayed in the bill of fare bar. The menus that appear in the carte du jour bar vary co-ordinate to the task you are doing in the R/three System. Therefore, you volition come across different menus every bit you work on different tasks.

Arrangement and Help menus are e'er available on every screen in the R/three system −

• System Bill of fare − It contains functions that touch on the arrangement as a whole, such equally Create Session, Cease Session, User Profile, or Log Off options.

• Help Bill of fare − It contains functions for accessing diverse forms of online support.

Note − In society to determine what office an icon represents on the toolbar, place the cursor on the icon (if it is enabled) and a floating box will appear with text and a unique Function key used to place the icon.

Navigation Expanse

Navigation Area is referred equally the surface area in the SAP bill of fare where User Menu and Favorites folders and their subfolders are located. Under Navigation Expanse, you volition find 3 folders: Favorites, User Menu, and SAP Menu.

• Favorites () Favorites are created by the users according to their preferences. All the transaction codes which the users have admission to and used in regular 24-hour interval-to-day activities are normally added to this folder.

• SAP User Menu () Content or the transaction codes in this menu are derived according to the roles and authorization given to a particular user. All the transaction codes specified in a particular role given to a user will appear in the User Bill of fare.

• SAP Standard Menu () This is a standard SAP bill of fare derived via roles and authorizations.

SAP - Programming Language(ABAP)

This chapter provides an overview of ABAP − the programming language used in SAP for developing business organization application support and development.

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming)

ABAP is a programming language that runs in the SAP ABAP runtime environs, created and used by SAP for the development of application programs including −

• Reports
• Module Pool Programming
• Interfaces
• Forms
• Data conversions
• User Exits & BADI

All of R/3'southward applications and even parts of its basis system were developed in ABAP.

ABAP is an event-driven programming language. User deportment and system events control the execution of an awarding.

ABAP is also called ABAP/4. The "4" in ABAP/4 stands for "Fourth Generation Language" or 4GL.

ABAP Workbench

The ABAP Workbench is used by SAP for the development of standard and custom application software. The ABAP Workbench is also used to create dictionary objects. It consists of the post-obit components −

• ABAP Editor is used to maintain programs.

• ABAP Dictionary is used to maintain Dictionary objects.

• Repository Browser is used to display a hierarchical construction of the components in a package.

• Menu Painter is used to develop graphical user interfaces including menu bars and toolbars.

• Screen Painter is used to maintain screen components for online programs.

• Repository Information System contains information nearly evolution and runtime objects, such as data models, lexicon types and table structures, programs, and functions.

• Exam and Analysis Tools, such equally the Syntax Cheque and the Debugger.

• Part Builder, which allows to create and maintain part groups and function modules.

• Data Modeler, a tool which supports graphical modeling.

• Workbench Organizer, which maintains multiple development projects and manages their distribution.

Note − The ABAP Workbench used to exist known as the ABAP/4 Development Workbench.

Reporting

Report programs produce lists and can be divided into classical reports and interactive reports.

• Classical reports do not allow interaction past the user; therefore, the basic list contains extensive information that the user must often sort through to observe relevant data.

• Interactive reports allow interaction by the user; therefore, the user can produce secondary, detailed lists of the basic list by choosing the relevant data and requesting more information.

• SAP Query or Advertising-hoc Query or InfoSet Query is a tool that allows the stop-user to design dissimilar queries based on different input and output parameters in the SAP organization according to the requirement. This is one of the reporting tools majorly used in the HR Module to pull data from relational databases. InfoSet Query is suitable for reporting in all areas of the SAP R/iii arrangement.

Advertising-Hoc query provides iii different kinds of reports −

• Basic Listing − Uncomplicated reports.

• Statistics − Reports with statistical functions such equally average, percentage, etc.

• Ranked List − For analytical reports.

Transaction code used to admission ad-hoc Queries −

• SQ01 − Maintain Queries

• SQ02 − Display InfoSet

• SQ03 − Maintain User Groups

Data Entry

The SAP database has to exist filled before the end-users can starting time working over the business procedure for analyzing and reporting purpose. Various methods are used to transfer information into the system at diverse stages depending upon the complication and data volume to be transferred.

Data can exist transferred from SAP to SAP or SAP to non-SAP systems (legacy system). Information can also be transferred through manual entries. The tools used for data transfer are as follows −

• BDC (Batch Data Advice)
• IDOC (Intermediate Document)
• LSMW (Legacy Organization Migration Workbench)
• Interfaces through upload of .txt or Excel files holding information
• Manual data entry using transaction codes

Printing

SAP generates a diverseness of documents such as purchase orders, sales orders, invoices, pay-slips, etc. Y'all can take a print of these documents whenever required. The post-obit illustration shows how the printing process works in a SAP arrangement.

Dissimilar kinds of impress methods are needed in a SAP organization, such as −

• Local printing
• Remote printing (network)
• Front-terminate printing (SAP GUI for Windows)
• Front-end printing (SAP GUI for HTML)

Subsequently the user triggers the print process, the print requests are sent to the spool server, which contains the dialog and spool piece of work processes required for the processing.

General Programming

Programs can be written interactively using the capabilities of the R/iii organization. Programs can be executed both online and in the background. Background jobs tin also be scheduled to run at specific intervals.

• Module pool programming (or online programming) involves the creation of a module pool (a drove of ABAP modules) and one or more screens. The modules are called by the screen processor during program execution.

• Batch input processing is used to ensure the rubber transfer of data into the SAP system. This process is an automatic, protected information transfer to the SAP system which uses SAP transactions to validate data every bit it populates the SAP database.

• ABAP contains statements that adapt to CPI-C standards (Common Program Interface - Communications). These are used for programming communications programs.

• ABAP can read and write sequential datasets.

SAP - Security

At that place are three points to look after in order to ensure security −

• Confidentiality − Unauthorized disclosure of data

• Integrity − Unauthorized modification of data

• Availability − Denial of service (a lack of availability of computing resources)

In SAP runtime environment, both application security and unauthorized organization access to SAP have to be controlled. The user accounts defined for users in the SAP runtime environment are secured by roles that grant authorizations to them. SAP authorizations control admission to transactions (Business Process Activities), or what can be performed inside a specific business organization process step past −

• Keeping unauthorized persons out of the system
• Keeping people out of places where they should not be
• Safeguarding the data from damage or loss

Safeguards

In order to avoid threats, a sound and robust system implements safeguards such as access command, firewall, encryption, O/S hardening, digital certificate, security monitor, and antivirus.

Nomenclature of Security

Security tin can be classified into three unlike categories −

• Organizational Security − Related to arrangement
• Physical − Related to the physical assets
• Technical − Related to technical threats. This is again dived into four types −
  • Program-level security
  • O/S-level security
  • Database security
  • Network security

Different Layers of Security

We can help multiple layers of security in a SAP R/iii system.

• Hallmark − Only legitimate users should be able to admission the system.

• Authorization − Users should only be able to perform their designated tasks.

• Integrity − Data integrity needs to exist granted at all time.

• Privacy − Protection of information against unauthorized access.

• Obligation − Ensuring liability and legal obligation towards stakeholders and shareholders including validation.

SAP - Ground

This chapter explains the post-obit topics −

• the office of a BASIS Administrator,
• tasks related to SAP Footing Administration, and
• categorization of SAP Authoritative tasks.

Nosotros can subdivide the roles of a SAP Ground Consultant into the following categories −

Server Administrator

• Interface Annotator
• Solution Specialist
• System Builder

Network Ambassador

• Ship Administrator
• Batch Ambassador

Database Ambassador

• Security Specialist
• ABAP Specialist
• DDIC Managing director

Os Administrator

• SAP DBA
• System Administrator

Roles of a SAP BASIS Consultant

The following illustration depicts the typical roles performed by a SAP BASIS Consultant −

Tasks Performed under Different Roles

Nosotros can further categorize the tasks performed under different roles −

System Builder

• Sizing SAP systems
• Blueprint SAP landscape

Send Ambassador

• Change control beyond SAP mural

Batch Administrator

• Create and manage batch jobs across landscape

Security Specialist

• Design, monitor, and manage access to SAP landscape

ABAP Specialist

• Troubleshoot and melody ABAP programs
• Apply correction to plan

DDIC Manager

• Manage changes to SAP data dictionary

SAP DBA

• Manage integrity of SAP database objects
• Manage backups and restore

System Administrator

• Maintain system health
• Monitor and tune system operation

Interface Annotator

• Clarify and Monitor
• Interfaces within SAP landscape

Solutions Specialist

• Installation of AP / Add-On
• Migrate Os / DB
• Upgrade SAP version
• Archiving of SAP Data

SAP Basis Assistants Tasks

SAP BASIS administration tasks can be further categorized every bit follows −

SAP Administration

• Starting and stopping SAP instance(s)
• User assistants – setup and maintenance
• Authorization / Role / Profiles – setup and maintenance
• Setup SAP security
• Maintenance of arrangement's health
• Monitor system performance and logs
• Spool and print administration
• Maintain system landscape
• Transport management systems
• Manage change requests
• Create / Manage batch jobs
• Backup schedule, run, and monitor backup of SAP
• Use patches, kernel, and OSS notes

Database Administration

• Database Space Management
• Database Fill-in
• Database Recovery
• Database log (Redo log, Annal Log) management
• Database Performance Tunings

Operation System Administration

• Operation system security
• Performance arrangement functioning tuning
• OS space management
• OS level groundwork chore management
• OS level backup and recovery

Overall System Monitoring

• Monitoring R/3 servers and instances
• Monitoring users and authorizations
• Monitoring security part
• Monitoring workload analysis
• Monitoring processes
• Monitoring buffers
• Monitoring operating system
• Monitoring database
• Monitoring backups

SAP Administrator's Frequently Used Transactions

• SM04/AL08 − User List

• SM51 − Display Awarding Server

• SM37 − Background Job Overview

• SM50/SM66 − Manage Work Processes

• SM12 − Mange Lock Entries

• PFCG − Maintain Roles

• SM13 − Manage Update Records

• SM21 − Analyze System Log

• SM02 − Send Organization Letters

SAP - Transaction Codes

Transaction codes are used in SAP for getting an easy access to custom applications or to call predefined processes. Transaction codes are a kind of shortcuts for dissimilar applications. Various categories of transaction codes are divers according to application area and modules. Some mutual and about widely used transaction codes are divers below.

ABAP / Tables / Information Dictionary

• SE11 − Dictionary definitions

• SE14 − Database utility

• SE16 − Data Browser (display only)

• SE16n − Modify: "&sap_edit" (uase16n)

• SD11 − Information model

• SM30/SM31 − SAP Table view maintenance

• SE54 (SOBJ) − Table / View Cluster

• SE37 − Function module editor

• SE38 / SE39 - Plan editor / split screen

• SA38 − Programme execution

• SE80 − ABAP evolution workbench

• SE84 − Object navigator

• SE18 − BAdI definitions

• SE19 − BAdI implementations

• SE24 − Class builder

• SWO1/2 − Business organization object builder / browser

• SMARTFORMS − Smart forms administration

• SE71 − SAP script (Form painter)

• SE43 − Area menu maintenance

• SE91 − Message maintenance

• SE93 − Transaction maintenance

Runtime / Logs / Database

• SM21 − System log sm13 Update requests

• ST22 − ABAP Runtime Mistake (Dump)

• SM12 − Table look entries

• SM56 − Number range buffers

• SNRO − Number ranges

• SE30 − Runtime analysis

• ST01 − Organization trace

• ST05 − SQL Trace

• DB02, ST04 − Database tools / performance

• ST02, ST06 − Database tune summary

• SCU3 − Table logging (come across V_DDAT_54)

Jobs / Batches / Events

• SM36 − Job definition

• SM37 /SMX − Job overview

• SM50 − Procedure overview

• SM34 − View cluster maintenance

• SM49/SM69 − External commands

• SM66 − Process overview

• SM62/SM64 − Event overview / administration

• STVARV(C) − Selection fields variables

User Assistants

• SM04 − User overview

• SU53 − Check dominance data for user

• SUIM − User information / authorization

• SU20 / SU21 − Authority object and class / field

• SU01 − User maintenance PFCG roles

• SU03 − Authorization Archive Evolution Kit (ADK)

Batch Input

• SM35 − Batch Input: session overview

• SHDB − Batch input recorder

Paths & Connections

• AL11 − SAP file directory

• FILE − Logical file path

• SM58 − Transactional RFC

• SM59 − RFC connections

Spool (Impress Output)

• SP01 − Spool request choice

• SP02 − List of own spool requests

• SPAD − Spool administration

SAP - Project Lifecycle

In this affiliate, we volition understand the different phases of a SAP Project Lifecycle. A SAP project lifecycle consists of various stages, starting from evaluation to the project'south subsequent support.

SAP Project Lifecycle

Stages of SAP Projection Lifecycle

A typical SAP project undergoes the following stages in its lifecycle −

Evaluation

Evaluation may be a determination to choose betwixt different software vendors or selection of products from a unmarried vendor.

Project Preparation

Since a SAP implementation intends to map the organization processes to the ones defined past SAP, the implementation needs to have on-lath people with complete cognition of the organization business processes. The project preparation phase, among other things, aims to identify this squad.

Business Blueprint

A business concern pattern includes what modules of a SAP product would be used and the mapping of the existing business processes to the processes provided by SAP.

Realization

The actual work of customizing the SAP software to be in sync with the organizations business organisation processes is done in this phase. It includes customization of existing SAP parcel and solution forth with the evolution of new objects based on requirement.

Testing

The changes made in the realization phase demand to be tested in isolation as well equally in a consolidated style using existent-time data. This is done in the testing stage.

Final Preparation

The production system is prepared using the changes from the realization and testing phases. Sure activities need to be done directly in the product arrangement equally well. These activities take identify during the final preparation phase.

Become-live

In this stage, the final production is released to the cease-users. The go-live may be washed in a Big Bang (all modules at one go) or in a phase-past-phase manner.

Sustain / Support

The project now moves into the "sustain and support" phase where the terminate-users' issues would be resolved and ongoing maintenance of the system would be taken care of.

SAP - Career In SAP

Advancing your career in SAP, you can motion into unlike roles such as −

• SAP ABAP Awarding Developer (blueprint SAP Awarding)
• SAP Functional Consultant (in unlike modules)
• SAP Technical Architect
• SAP Solution Architect
• SAP Portal Consultant
• SAP Portal Developer

You can await for the above opportunities in companies such equally −

• SAP Labs
• Accenture
• Tata Consultancy Services
• Cognizant
• IBM Global Business Services
• Wipro
• Tech Mahindra
• L & T InfoTech
• Deloitte
• KPMG

Useful Video Courses

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Source: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sap/sap_quick_guide.htm

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